- Publication Date
- September 2025
- Globally, men are more likely to earn wages or be self-employed, while women are more likely to engage in unpaid work or home production.
- Gender-based distortions in the labor market remain large in many countries, even where education gaps have narrowed or reversed.
- Gender-based misallocation has declined in some countries, but others have seen little change despite growth. This misallocation is largely driven by labor demand-side distortions.
- Policies to reduce gender distortions can increase female labor force participation (FLFP) and economy-wide productivity, particularly policies on the labor demand side.
- Since the GGDI assigns value to non-market work, the GDP gains from reducing gender distortions are likely larger, as women shift into jobs measured by GDP.
